Fried Green Tomatoes essays

Fried Green Tomatoes essays For this paper I have chosen to review the film Fried Green Tomatoes. It is a tale of a small old town, its more popular residents, and a murder mystery told in retrospect by the main character Idggy. I was able to identify several social structures within the small town during the movies flashbacks as well as its modern day narrative setting. There were no government officials present, but a sheriff kept order amongst citizens. That same sheriff, however, partied with the same people that he enforced the law upon. It was the typical small town environment where everyone knew each other and was generally friendly towards one another. There was also a bad guy who became important when it was found out that he was abusing his wife and trying to control her and her child. There were also blacks in town that were not treated as fairly as the white people. I saw these structures affect the characters at different times throughout the movie. The black/white issue was present throughout, as we saw them being butlers, doing whites chores, as well as other labor oriented tasks. The bad guy was confronted by nice town folk when it was found out that he abused his wife. As far as t he sheriff, his role came into play when he had to arrest Idggy for the murder of the abusive man. The only time the structures were changed was when a black man, Big George, was accused of the murder. If Idggy hadnt gone on trial, George wouldve had to go on trial. He surely would have been hung, but Iddgy cared for him and took responsibility knowing that she could win and spare his life too. Norms that were portrayed are similar to the situations above. They are also similar to todays small towns in some respects, such as being friendly and knowing everyone. There are some big differences with other norms from todays society though. The race issue is th ...

The Difference Between Procedural and Substantive Law

The Difference Between Procedural and Substantive Law Procedural law and substantive law are the two primary categories of law in the dual U.S. court system. These two types of law play different but essential roles in protecting the rights of individuals in the United States criminal justice system. Key Terms Procedural law is the set of rules by which courts in the United States decide the outcomes of all criminal, civil, and administrative cases.  Substantive law describes how people are expected to behave according to accepted social norms.  Procedural laws govern how court proceedings dealing with the enforcement of substantive laws are conducted.   Two Categories of Law Substantive law - literally the â€Å"substance† of the law - governs how people are expected to behave according to accepted social norms. The Ten Commandments, for example, is a set of substantive laws. Today, substantive law defines rights and responsibilities in all court proceedings. In criminal cases, substantive law governs how guilt or innocence is to be determined, and how crimes are charged and punished. Procedural laws govern how court proceedings that deal with the enforcement of substantive laws are conducted. Since the primary object of all court proceedings is to determine the truth according to the best available evidence, procedural laws of evidence govern the admissibility of evidence and the presentation and testimony of witnesses. For example, when judges sustain or overrule objections raised by lawyers, they do so according to procedural laws. Both procedural and substantive law may be altered over time by Supreme Court rulings and constitutional interpretations. Application of Criminal Procedural Law While each state has adopted its own set of procedural laws, usually called a â€Å"Code of Criminal Procedure,† the basic procedures followed in most jurisdictions include: All arrests must be based on probable cause;Prosecutors file charges that must clearly spell out what crimes the accused person allegedly committed;The accused person is arraigned before a judge and given the opportunity to enter a plea - a statement of guilt or innocence;The judge asks the accused whether they need a court-appointed attorney or will supply their own attorney;The judge will either grant or deny the accused bail or bond and set an amount to be paid;An official notice to appear in court is delivered to the accused;If the accused and prosecutors cannot reach a plea bargain agreement, trial dates are set;If the accused person is convicted at trial, the judge advises them of their rights to appeal;In the case of guilty verdicts, the trial moves to the sentencing phase. In most states, the same laws that define criminal offenses also set the maximum sentences that can be imposed, from fines to time in jail. However, the state and federal courts follow very different procedural laws for sentencing. Sentencing In State Courts The procedural laws of some states provide for a bifurcated or two-part trial system, in which sentencing is conducted in a separate trial held after a guilty verdict has been reached. The sentencing phase trial follows the same basic procedural laws as the guilt or innocence phase, with the same jury hearing evidence and determining sentences. The judge will advise the jury of the range of severity of sentences that may be imposed under state law. Sentencing In Federal Courts In the federal courts, judges themselves impose sentences based on a more narrow set of federal sentencing guidelines. In determining an appropriate sentence’ the judge, rather than a jury, will consider a report on the defendant’s criminal history prepared by a federal probation officer, as well as evidence presented during the trial. In the federal criminal courts, judges use a point system based on the defendant’s prior convictions, if any, in applying the federal sentencing guidelines. In addition, federal judges do not have the leeway to impose sentences more or less severe than those allowed under the federal sentencing guidelines. Sources of Procedural Laws Procedural law is established by each individual jurisdiction. Both the state and federal courts have created their own sets of procedures. In addition, county and municipal courts may have specific procedures that must that must be followed. These procedures typically include how cases are filed with the court, how parties involved are notified, and how official records of court proceedings are handled. In most jurisdictions, procedural laws are found in publications such as the â€Å"Rules of Civil Procedure,† and â€Å"Rules of Court.† The procedural laws of the federal courts can be found in the â€Å"Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.† Basic Elements of Substantive Criminal Law In comparison to procedural criminal law, substantive criminal law involves the â€Å"substance† of the charges filed against accused persons. Every charge is made up of elements, or the specific acts required to amount to the commission of a crime. Substantive law requires that prosecutors prove beyond all reasonable doubt that every element of crime took place as charged in order for the accused person to be convicted of that crime. For example, to secure a conviction for a charge of felony-level driving while intoxicated, prosecutors must prove the following substantive elements of the crime: The accused person was, in fact, the person operating the motor vehicle;The vehicle was being operated on a public roadway;The accused person was legally intoxicated while operating the vehicle; andThe accused person had prior convictions for driving while intoxicated. Other substantive state laws involved in the above example include: The maximum allowed percentage of alcohol in the accused person’s blood at the time of arrest; andThe number of prior convictions for driving while intoxicated. Because both procedural and substantive laws can vary by state and sometimes by county, persons charged with crimes should consult with a certified criminal law attorney practicing in their jurisdiction. Sources of Substantive Law In the United States, substantive law comes from the state legislatures and Common Law - law based on societal customs and enforced by the courts. Historically, Common Law made up set of statutes and case law that governed England and the American colonies prior to the American Revolution. During the 20th century, substantive laws changed and grew in number quickly as Congress and the state legislatures moved to unify and modernize many principles of Common Law. For example, since its enactment in 1952, the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), governing commercial transactions has been fully or partially adopted by all U.S. states to replace the Common Law and differing state laws as the single authoritative source of substantive commercial law.

Basic Information About Maps

Basic Information About Maps We see them every day, we use them when we travel, and we refer to them often, but what is a map? Map Defined A map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or part of an area. The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features that the map aims to represent. There are many different types of maps that attempt to represent specific things. Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features, natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities. Maps are produced by cartographers. Cartography refers both the study of maps and the process of map-making. It has evolved from basic drawings of maps to the use of computers and other technologies to assist in making and mass producing maps. Is a Globe a Map? A globe is a map. Globes are some of the most accurate maps that exist. This is because the earth is a three-dimensional object that is close to spherical. A globe is an accurate representation of the spherical shape of the world. Maps lose their accuracy because they are actually projections of a part of or the entire Earth. Map Projections There are several types of map projections, as well as several methods used to achieve these projections. Each projection is most accurate at its center point and becomes more distorted the further away from the center that it gets. The projections are generally named after either the person who first used it, the method used to produce it, or a combination of the two. Some common types of map projections include: MercatorTransverse MercatorRobinsonLambert Azimuthal Equal AreaMiller CylindricalSinusoidal Equal AreaOrthographicStereographicGnomonicAlbers Equal Area Conic In-depth explanations of how the most common map projections are made can be found on this USGS website, complete with diagrams and explanations of uses and advantages to each. Mental Maps The term mental map refers to the maps that arent actually produced and just exist in our minds. These maps are what allow us to remember the routes that we take to get somewhere. They exist because people think in terms of spatial relationships and vary from person to person because they are based on ones own perception of the world. Evolution of Maps Maps have changed in many ways since maps were first used. The earliest maps that have withstood the test of time were made on clay tablets. Maps were produced on leather, stone, and wood. The most common medium for producing maps on is, of course, paper. Today, however, maps are produced on computers, using software such as GIS or Geographic Information Systems. The way maps are made has also changed. Originally, maps were produced using land surveying, triangulation, and observation. As technology advanced, maps  were made using aerial photography, and then eventually remote sensing, which is the process used today. The appearance of maps has evolved along with their accuracy. Maps have changed from basic expressions of locations  to works of art, extremely accurate, mathematically produced maps. Map of the World Maps are generally accepted as precise and accurate, which is true  but only to a point. A map of the entire world, without distortion of any kind, has yet to be produced; therefore it is vital that one questions where that distortion is on the map that they are using.

To Be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To Be Determined - Essay Example ed can come of the pure love (or lust) that these two men (the Duke and the Lover) seemed to want to shower on the two women who are the subjects (and objects) of these poems. These are apparently two women who had the men in their lives so afraid of losing their love that they killed to keep them where they wanted them, to control them or at least to control the moment, whether it was in the frame of a portrait or on the bed or couch that the two lovers last shared with one another. One of them even sat up and waited all night for God to come get him for the sin and the crime. If Porphyria’s lover was waiting for God to react to his selfish deed with punishment of some kind, (presumably with a bolt of lightning strategically placed to his left temple for the commission of the act of murder) why did he not just go ahead and kill himself, too? The main overall theme of both Robert Browning poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† (hereafter known as â€Å"Duchess†) and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† (hereafter known as â€Å"Lover†) is jealousy; as in jealousy mixed with contempt for beautiful women, all the way to the point of literal physical death. The relationship between Porphyria and her lover is positive and has a strong bond. This is why it appears that he (the Lover) could not deal with the thought of being without her. In â€Å"Duchess,† the woman that is the target of the Duke’s affection (worship nearly) has already passed on and all he has left of her is the painting on the wall, to which he, the narrator of the poem, refers at the very beginning. In â€Å"Lover,† the script is flipped. It is the object of the speaker’s discussion (the lady Porphyria) who nearly worships her man instead. He says this directly. (Browning, ll’s 32 and 33 â€Å"Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshippd me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It is with these 10 words that the narrator of the story tells us that he realizes how far she had come to tell him of her love, and he then reveals to us, the

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lab Report Example Quiz I: Psychometric Analysis The 12 item quiz described as Quiz I was associated with a mean of 6.4 and an SD of 2.657 (min = 0, max = 12). The distribution of the total scores was not very normal with skew observed to be 0.111 and kurtosis to be -0.888. The Pearson correlations between the 12 items in the quiz are reported in table 1. This shows that while the test has otherwise acceptable psychometric properties, some items may need to be revised or removed. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 12 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the ‘quiz I performance’ variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 9 or hig her were associated with the higher set. Table 2 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, and it is evident that items 11 and 12 did not achieve a D index of more than 29%. This could mean that these items are poorly constructed or that they do not contribute to the test as well as the other items (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that these items contribute poorly to the quiz and have correlation coefficient s of less than 0.20. The internal consistency analysis conducted using the Cronbach’s ? was also marginally below the requisite 0.70 level (Nunnally & Brenstien, 1994) with a statistic value of 0.683. Given this data, it was believed that the quiz needed to be revised. Thus, items 12 and 11 were sequentially removed from the quiz and the Cronbach’s ? was re-estimated. The quiz was now composed of 10 items and was associated with an acceptable ? level of 0.734. The revised scale had a mean score of 5.128 with SD = 2.56 (min = 0, max = 10).the distribution of scores for the new quiz was also slightly more normalized with skew = 0.20 and kurtosis = -0.780. Quiz II: Psychometric analysis The 11 item quiz described as Quiz II was associated with a mean of 5.48 and an SD of 2.67 (min = 0, max = 11). The distribution of the total scores was approximately normal with skew observed to be 0.043 and kurtosis to be -0.8. The Pearson correlations between the 11 items in the quiz are reported in table 3. This shows that the test has acceptable psychometric properties. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 11 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the quiz performance variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 7 or higher were associated with the higher set. Table 4 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, all of which managed to achieve an acceptable D index (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that all items did contribute adequately to the quiz and

Letter of Advice to client Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Letter of Advice to client - Research Paper Example Of importance, landmark decisions will be central to the essay construction. The author will wrap up with a conclusion of the major findings. According to Stone1, consideration is mandatory in contract law to make agreements legally binding. It forms the test for enforceability of contracts. Its absence makes an agreement gratuitous and non enforceable as a contract. Estoppel is a claim in equity precluding someone from denying existence of a state of affairs if it would be unconscionable2 and the doctrine deals with pre-contractual waste by preventing adoption of positions at odds with previously relied upon positions by others3. Such denial might affect a person’s legal rights. Owen J. in The Bell Group Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation4 defined estoppel as a: â€Å"†¦ doctrine designed to protect a party from the detriment that would flow from that party’s change of position if the assumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.†1 In common law, the claimant had to prove existence of a contractual relationship in defense against a claim of non performance of contract. The requirement of consideration led to injustices which promissory estoppel sought to address. By preventing a promisor from reneging on promises without consideration, Handley AJA in Equititrust Ltd (formerly Equitiloan Ltd) v Franks4 noted that promissory estoppel dealt with equitably binding assurances restraining promisors from enforcing his legal rights. Estoppel can be traced to Denning J’s reasoning in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd5 which described estoppel ensuring justice and equity6 in holding a landlord to his undertaking to accept reduced rent. The defendant was estopped from demanding rent arrears for the period of the war due to scarcity of tenants7. Professor Atiyah8 states that consideration was classically a

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Competition from Blackpool Beach will decrease income from both inbound international tourism and local tourism by a considerable margin (between 8-10%). iii. With the tourism in Scotland on the rise (VisitScotland 2012), our competitors will institute new facilities and recreational activities for the summer season before March 2014. Marketing Objectives Aberdeen Beach offers a serene, beautiful and relaxing environment for tourists, both local and international. Apart from coming up with a mission statement that is both marketing oriented and consumer-focused, Aberdeen City Council should create an objective to attain cumulative growth in tourism volume of at least 60% over the next three years. At least 30% of this tourism growth should result from local tourist and from new facilities that offer activities that are non-seasonal or are generally undertaken during the off-peak period. Aberdeen beach should also institute efforts to capture over 25% of the tourism market share in th e area within the next 3 years. This will make sure that it is the biggest tourist destination in the area. Better facilities and activities that take advantage of off-peak tourism will ensure that it offers valid competition to Blackpool beach. To accomplish the various marketing objectives laid down, the Aberdeen City Council should put benchmarks in place to assess progress. Frequent evaluation of these objectives will offer feedback and potential remedial actions on a timely basis. The chief marketing objective is to improve the perceptions tourists as well as the locals have about the Aberdeen Beach. Since Aberdeen beach has been slowly losing both the local and the international tourists, it must not be satisfying its current consumers. The city council should review the problems that hinder success and use it to not only keep its current tourism base but encourage new international and local tourists to the area. To improve success, benchmarks should be developed to understan d how the city council can improve the experience of tourists to the beach through knowledge of tourist’s needs and specific opportunities for instituting new recreational facilities. The benchmarks should be developed through market research as well as the City Council’s marketing information system. Another objective should be the institution of an education program that will serve to educate the local residents about the issue of climate change and the rising flood risk in the area. The City Council should collaborate with the local residents in efforts to conserve and restore the beach (Robert Gordon 2013). The City Council should also create a new office that deals with beach security and cleanliness. It should interact with local residents and set up an institution that deals with cleaning up the beach and ensuring that companies and other individuals do not use the beach as a dumping point. According to Chan, Leung, and Wong (2006) collaborative environment rest oration efforts can be utilized as a means of advertisement both for local consumers and international. It should also collaborate with local law enforcement to ensure that visitors to the beach are safe. Marketing Strategies A. Target Markets Target Market 1: The first target market is the local tourists. Posters and customized calendars showing the beauty of Aberdeen beach could help reconnect with the local population. The Beach has also received bad