Sunday, April 19, 2020

Richard Leakey Essays - Transitional Fossils, Hominini,

Richard Leakey Richard Leakey was born December 19, 1944 in Nairobi, Kenya. His parents were the esteemed anthropologists Louis and Mary Leakey. Richard first became a tour guide in Kenya, but changed his mind when he found an extinct human jaw. He then schooled himself by completing a two-year secondary education program in six months. From 1967-77 he and his co-workers dug up around 400 fossils, that accounted for 230 individuals. The most important discovery was an almost complete skull found in 1977, which Richard believe to be a new species called Homo habilis. Richard Leakey's accomplishments are discovering the crania of Australopithecus boisei in 1969 with the archaeologist Glynn Isaac on the East shores of Lake Turkana, Homo habilis in 1972, and Homo erectus in1975. He was appointed administrative director in 1968 of the National Museum of Kenya, and in director 1974. Since 1989 he has been director of the Wildlife and Conservation Management Service, Kenya. His publications include Origins in 1977 and The Making of Mankind in 1981, both with Roger Lewin. Australopithecus africanus inhabited the earth roughly 3 - 1.6 million years ago. The characteristic difference between the Ausrtalopithicus afarenis and africanus is the height and brain capacity. The height of the africanus is 1.4 m and the brain capacity is approximately 400 - 600 cc. Smaller incisor teeth and a slightly flatter face are also noted. The afarensis has a height of 1.2 m and a cranial capacity of 380 - 450 cc. Sticks, and stones were most likely used to gather food by the Australopithecus africanus. Homo habilis (also known as "handy man") is theorized to have lived with Australopithecus africanus. Homo habilis was known as "handy man" because he used primative stone tools. The flat face and large molars of the Homo habilis resemble the Australopithecus lineage. The brain size of the Homo habilis is about 700 cc which is larger than the Australopithecus). The "apelike" body structure with long arms and a small body was a characteristic of the Homo habilis. Recent discoveries, such as from Lake Turkana, of better-preserved fossils have revealed new insights on early Homo in the Plio-Pleistocene. Of this new habilis material, the most amazing is a nearly complete cranium discovered in 1972 at East Lake Turakana. This individual, with a cranial capacity if 775 cm3, is clearly outside the known range for Australopithecines and it overlaps the lower boundary for Homo. Also, the shape of the skull vault and face are unlike that of Australopithec- ines. Bibliography Lewin, Roger. Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction: Second Edition. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989. Lambert, David. The Cambridge Guide to Prehistoric Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Jurmain, Robert/ Nelson, Harry/ Kilgore, Lynn. Essentials of Physical Anthropology: Second Edition. San Francisco: West Publishing Company, 1995. Howell, Clark. LIFE Nature Library Early Man. Canada: Time Inc., 1971. http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/ANTD15/Shan/gloss.html

Tuesday, April 7, 2020

LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals Review Essay Example

LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals Review Paper Essay on LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals New technologies, like a magnet attracts the attention of a large number of developers. We love to learn something new, so in conversation with colleagues inserted a new buzzword, before the others to explore the ins and outs of a particular technology or increase their value in the labor market. But in addition to the developers, the new technologies draw and authors who want to become famous or trite to make money on this very new technology. is not an exception to this rule and the new Microsoft technology called Language Integrated Query (LINQ) designed to solve many of the data access problem arising from the developer in his daily activities. And due to the great attention to this technology by the developers, the first book on the LINQ, translated into Russian, will also be extremely popular. In this regard, I would like to know whether it is worth your time and money. To begin with I would like to mention the fact that the author himself for a long time wanted to write any book, but he could not choose to this relevant topic. Either it is too little versed in the subject, or it has already been written is sufficient and there was no point in the emergence of yet another book on the subject. And in 2005, after learning about the work on the new Microsoft technology Rattts Joseph came to the conclusion that this is exactly what you need. And it is not terrible, it was not about the technology have a clue, the main thing about it also did not know and no one else. So, the choice fell on LINQ and after 17 months of fruitful work in November of 2007 in conjunction with the official release of Visual Studio 2008 (and with it, and LINQ technology) published a book was published with the straightforward title Pro LINQ Language Integrated Query In C # 2008 . We will write a custom essay sample on LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on LINQ. Language Integrated Query in C # 2008 for professionals Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book consists of 5 parts. In the first part the author considers the innovation C # 3.0, LINQ, without which existence would be impossible. This topic has been beaten enough, she paid a lot of attention from various sources, so to say about this part can not be anything, either good or bad. Part 2 of the book is devoted entirely to LINQ to Objects. In addition to a lengthy discourse on the subject of access to data, admiration new features and an overview of Query Expressions, the main share of this is accounted for by the description of extension methods. And the author has set a goal to describe each overloaded version of each method, and even if the methods are practically no different from each other, still they dedicated a separate section with a brief description and examples of use. Examples it is a different story. So that they are self-contained, each sample consists of three parts: obtaining test data (lines 5-6), a request (line 1-2), the results of (1 page). Add it all together, we get over a hundred pages of text, with a contrived example, unfunny jokes the author and the lack of a full picture in the mind of the reader. This hundred pages, you can easily replace a normal article of LINQ to Objects and Microsoft certificate. In addition, in the text there and frank bloopers. For example, the author points out in one of his notes, that OrderBy operation is unstable (all unstable), while ThenBy operation is stable (stable), although official documentation Microsoft adheres to a somewhat different opinion (both operations are stable). But more interesting is not the fact of bringing the wrong advice, but what I have found on the Microsoft discussion, in which a certain Joseph Rattts discusses the stability / instability of operation OrderBy with one of Microsoft employees. And as part of this discussion, it is given a clear answer to what OrderBy operation is stable and why the behavior of this operation is as follows. This discussion is dated May 2007, but apparently, the timing pressured not only software developers, but also the authors of the books, so Joseph Rattts did not have time to fix this annoying blunders to leave the book in November 2007. We now turn to part 3 of LINQ to XML. This section is written in the same style as the previous one: a bit of theory, the admiration of the new technology, a bit of humor (not always applicable) and a detailed description of the API functions with application examples. Examples, again, far-fetched and do not try to develop a theme as a whole, but only show the use of a single function in a very limited context. Chapter 8 does not contain any new information, but essentially duplicate the description of the functions of the previous chapter. The fourth part of the book LINQ to DataSet like the most common use of Copy-Paste code type of writing templates. For example, the description of functions Distinct, Except, Intersect, Union and SequenceEqual take 10! pages, with many paragraphs are different from each other only word (name of the method). The largest part of the book is part of the 5 on LINQ to SQL. And this is not surprising, because in the description of this technology, you need to explain the object-relational mapping, the role of essential classes, that is the DataContext, schemes and attributes, concurrency issues, and more. The author examines all these issues, but it does somehow crumpled and somewhat messy. It begins to explain one thing affects another, while postponing a detailed description of the problem concerned later. In this part, I especially liked the chapter devoted to the attributes. The author cites the example of code that uses three attributes and only 7 properties. Then on 14 pages is a description of all attributes with all properties, without a single example. And if some of the attributes and properties are intuitive, many require additional explanations, which, unfortunately, is not observed. And when the author at the end of the chapter, the summary says that he wishes the reader to the fact that he became an expert in the field of object-relational mapping, it does not cause anything but a smile. So what follows from this output? Not buy this book or not? If a company has your department periodically provide funds for replenishment of the corporate library and all the books on interesting technologies you already bought, we can stop the choice on this book. And even if you and your colleagues it is not useful, it would look great in a bookcase next to the other books in this series. But if we are talking about personal library then I would advise to refrain from such acquisition. Yet the book does not justify the money spent, and personal time.

Heroic Code in the Iliad and the Odyssey :: essays research papers

     In Webster’s Dictionary, a legend is characterized as an individual noted for fearless acts or respectability of direc...