Role of Banks in Real Estate Financing in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Role of Banks in Real Estate Financing in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The real estate boom in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has attracted banks to fund the projects in this sector. Banks financing real estate create a win-win scenario for the owners as well as the banks. There are other financiers in real estate including the Saudi Arabia Government. The terms and conditions for the banks and other real estate financiers vary depending on the project and location. Banks have been playing an important role in financing real estate sector in Saudi Arabia increasing the current boom in the sector, lending banks and the real estate owners profit from this arrangement which may be affected by economic and political factors bringing up some challenges which can adversely affect the profitability to the two partners. The real Estate Sector The real estate sector is one of the fastest growing in the world if not the fastest. It is the only sector in the world that has defied the norm currently. Despite recession and economic slow down in most of the countries in the world, the real estate sector continues to grow at a remarkable pace. This has led to increased prices for both developed properties and undeveloped land. Some of the top hotspot markets for real estate in the world today are: China: The most populous country in the world has been getting high demand for housing. Hong Kong, one of the fastest growing

Shell Oil Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Shell Oil Company - Essay Example l products, gas, chemicals and other selected businesses and to participate in the search for and development of other sources of energy to meet evolving customer needs and the world’s growing demand for energy. We believe that oil and gas will be integral to the global energy needs for economic development for many decades to come. Our role is to ensure that we extract and deliver them profitably and in environmentally and socially responsible ways. We seek a high standard of performance, maintaining a strong long-term and growing position in the competitive environments in which we choose to operate.† (Shell Oil Company) A company by the name Saudi Aramco based out of Saudi Arabia is an active partner of Shell and both these companies have been progressing. Both have seen tremendous development after they became partners. Recent activities of Shell have come under the scanner because it was believed that several birds were losing their life because of the activities of the company but the company has reduced the production of products that affected the living of birds and as an inevitable result of which it is much more environment friendly company. The company faced another big challenge in the during 1978 and 1995, polybutylene was used by the company to manufacture pipes and the same exploded one day and as a result of which many people were left homeless because of the flood caused by the pipelines. There was a lawsuit filed against the company by the people who got affected by this whole incident and the company had to shell out millions to settle this issue, the company has come a long way since then. The work culture is really good in Shell and all the employees work in harmony with each other. The work is making great progress and it is already one of the largest oil and gas producing companies in the world. â€Å"Shell Foundation Director Kurt Hoffman welcomed commitments made earlier today (6 May 2008) in London by multinational companies (MNCs) to

Of all the data about global warming and climate change that you have Essay

Of all the data about global warming and climate change that you have encountered, what concerns you the most - Essay Example There is also the disappearance of coral reefs because of the increased temperatures and ocean acidification. Lastly, global warming cause migration and conflicts whereby people are displaced due to lack of water or severe flooding, later, this migration leads to conflicts and war over the scarce resources such as water. These effects of climate change and global warming worries I most since the planet will be in danger of natural disasters such as flooding, food shortages, coastal flooding storms and dry periods if global warming is not reduced. The other concern that I have concerning global warming and climate change is the various suggested ways that individuals and organizations can use to reduce global warming and climate change. These may include reducing carbon dioxide emissions from burning coal, oil, gasoline and other fossil fuels in power stations, people embracing reusable packages instead of disposable ones. Furthermore, individuals can embrace efficient use of energy by using methods such as defrosting fridges and freezers regularly. However, despite peoples’ knowledge of these and other means of reducing effects global warming and climate change, the phenomenon is worsening. In conclusion, am ever concerned as it appears as though global warming and climate change dilemma will only be tackled only after the world suffers its effect to a great

Theories of Motivation and Relative Needs Essay Example for Free

Theories of Motivation and Relative Needs Essay When an employee is underperforming, the employee runs the risk of setting in motion a ripple effect that will harm the greater whole of the network that comprises the field in which he or she is performing. In other words, a poorly motivated and poor performing employee can lead to a â€Å"contagion† that will dramatically effect the performance of other employees. In certain environments, this can be catastrophic. If one is to examine the example of a surgical environment, an underperforming employee can not be tolerated. There are a number of ways that such underperformance can be addressed, the worst of which being utilizing an authoritarian, draconian means of reversing poor performance. Such a method is a mistake. Usually, when an employee is slacking or performing below expectations, it is not terribly difficult to reverse the negative trend provided a decent manner in which to coax a better performance is used. Far too often, a supervisory will try and coax a better performance out of an employee by way of dropping an authoritarian hammer on the person. While this may work in the short term, it ultimately backfires as the moral of the employee hits an all time low and eventually returns to a substandard level of performance that is next to impossible to reverse. Even worse, the employee may become single focused on just doing the bare minimum of acceptable standards and getting the   employee to increase an average performance is much more difficult that increasing substandard performance as â€Å"average† is something the employee can usually get away with. (Hence, the reason why the employee will steer himself towards the safety net of ‘average.’) Under Maslow’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS, one of the spheres of needs is that of self esteem needs. Under this theory, it is suggested for a person to feel a sense of self worth, there needs to be an emphasis in the person’s life on either professional or hobbyist pursuits to where the person places a great deal of said emphasis on things the person is talented. In other words, by taking a great deal of self esteem from duties and tasks one performs well will keep a person motivated to continually perform better. When the person is removed from tasks that the person has exceptional talent, then the person will suffer from a lessoning of self esteem. This eventually will set in motion a decline in performance as the person is not able to measure up to professional standards as the duties and tasks the person is assigned are outside of the scope of the individual’s talent. This is why it is exceptionally important that those assigning duties and tasks to an employee must make sure that the employee’s strengths are being played to. If not, the person will start to suffer from a loss of self esteem and that will be soon followed by a drop in motivation. When it comes to an employee who works in the healthcare field, particularly in surgery related duties, there is an underlying factor that can undermine motivation: burnout. Such a career and field is a very high pressure field and requires a great deal of time commitments in order for the employee to function effectively. Such commitment can erode a person’s enthusiasm which ultimately will lead to reduced or poor performance. The key to reversing such a trend will involve using Maslow’s self esteem and self actualization principles in order to reverse the negative trend and performance. In one case, there was an employee named ‘Liza’ who started to severely slack on her job duties as a surgical nurse. She had always previously performed at exceptional levels, but her recent performances were decidedly lacking. It seemed as if she was on the verge of quitting. In order to help Liza turn her performance around, what needed to be undertaken was a means of boosting her self esteem so she could recapture the fire that she once had when it can to performing her duties and tasks. At the base of this was the need to determine what it was that was leading to the reduced performance. The reason that Liza’s job performance was suffering was because she was not able to balance the long hours at the hospital with the complexities of her family life. This was creating a feeling of being overwhelmed and it cut into her ability to think clearly. To counteract this problem, Liza was assigned a mentor who had faced similar problems in the past. The mentor was able to slowly work Liza through what had been troubling her and provided her with tips and ideas on how to balance her professional and home life. While the results were not overly dramatic, there was progress made. When Liza realized that the tips and oversight her mentor was providing were helping her job performance increase, Liza began to experience a renewed sense of self worth. The reason for this is that her self esteem had increased because she finally realized that it was within her own power to reverse the negativities. (To a degree, this is similar to Maslow’s vision of self actualization) So, it can be said that providing a mentor with the express purpose of helping to build up an employee’s formerly lost self esteem can work wonders in terms of providing motivation for an employee who is seemingly drifting in and out of interest with his/her profession.

The European Conquest of the Americas Essay Example for Free

The European Conquest of the Americas Essay One of the primary reasons for exploration was the search for the Northwest Passage, an imaginary path that could be used to reach Asia without having to go around Africa, or through the Middle East. The Panamanians proved that travel was possible around Africa with a new kind of boat that utilized wind better, but the Spaniards and other Europeans were more interested in a more direct approach to reaching Asia. So they began to head westward. The Queen of Spain commissioned Christopher Columbus to lead an expedition westward to reach Asia, and he instead stumbled upon the most successful failure in history, The Americas. He reached the islands of the Bahamas, and thinking that he was indeed in the Indies, he named the inhabitants Indians. Ironically, after making the greatest discovery of the past millennium, his tombstone marked him as a failure, due to the lack of the Northwest Passage. Once the queen of Spain realized the goldmine (quite literally), that was before her, she sent basically an entire army of conquistadors to seize the assets of the natives, and secure it for the Spanish empire. The three â€Å"G†s are what the Spanish conquistadors sought after. God, Gold, and Glory, all of which they could find in the native inhabitants possession. They â€Å"harvested† the souls of the natives by converting them (whether they liked it or not) to Catholicism, and at the same time, took all of their gold and silver, and for this cultural rape, they got their precious glory. Even though the natives were devastated by the diseases brought by the Europeans, and the loss of all natural resources, and the loss of culture, and the loss of their religion, language, land, and dignity, they submitted to the conquerors. Now let’s discuss for a little bit, the real discoverers of the new world, who aren’t credited for the discovery, but definitely should be. There are many different accounts of why Lief Ericson traveled to the new world, but the end result is always the same, no matter what version of the story you hear. He arrived in this beautiful land filled with plenty of grapes and lush forests and named the new land Vinland (after the amount of grapes). He made a small settlement that only lasted for 2 years, and then returned back to Greenland. It was recorded in sagas by the nords and in folklore, but still by most, Columbus is given credit for the discovery. After the nords and the Spaniards came the English. The English settled the new world for land. Some were looking for new land to farm and harvest crops with, some were searching for freedom from religious persecution, and others were just looking to start a new life in a new place. They didn’t arrive there planning on turning their backs on the crown, or disobeying the empire in any way, and up until the last few years that the 13 colonies were under British rule, there was no need to revolt. The new English settlers were still under the empire’s control, however, the colonies and settlements were for the most part self-governing, and relatively independent. The only problems arose when the crown decided to impose taxes on the colonists that were unfair and unjust and the colonists got sick of it and decided to lead a full-fledged revolt against the thrown, resulting in massive bloodshed and an entirely new nation with a unique constitution compiled from bits and pieces of other nations constitutions and blended with perfect harmony to create our United States of America. So, really there were many different reasons for the exploration, settlement , and conquest of the new world, and all of them came from different nations. All in all, the outcome was the creation of several new nations which would all eventually break away from the nations which brought them to be. Some would become super powers and others would become 3rd world countries, but without the voyages made by the Spaniards and Nords and English, we wouldn’t have any of this.

Current Environmental Laws Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay

Current Environmental Laws Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay There are different laws which are provided for the environment. These are created for the preservation, conservation and protection of the natural resources of the Philippines. Some are intended to preserve, protect and secure human health and our natural environment just like the pollution control laws. Some of these laws will be discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1151) defines the general policies on the pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations and mandates the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for all projects, which may significantly affect the environment. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1152) defines the policy objectives and the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land management, and waste management. It launches a comprehensive national program of environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. Pollution Control Law (P.D. 984) Stating that it is imperative to strengthen the National Pollution Control Commission (since subsumed by the DENR) to best protect the people from the growing menace of environmental pollution, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 984, otherwise known as the National Pollution Control Decree of 1976. The Decree was effective up until its repeal under the Clean Water Act of 2004. This law prevents possible pollution that different commercial and industrial businesses may give to the environment. It provides guidelines for the proper discharge of sewage or industrial waste. The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001(R.A. 9003) an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes. This law ensures that there is proper disposal and management of wastes in different areas of our country. There are penalties for those who will break the rules provided by this law. It ensures the protection of the public health. When we conducted a research in Bakakeng Norte last semester, about their solid waste management, we learned that there is a program MRF or the material recovery facility that they are doing. Each barangay of Baguio city are doing this. This law is very helpful not only for the environment but also to the people. Water Code of the Philippines (P.D. 1067) adopts adequate measures to conserve and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and residential areas. It also provides other policy guidelines in water quality and management of water resources. This law is very important. It is a tool in ensuring proper management and use of water. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A. 9275) is an act providing a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes. This law ensures and secures the health of every citizen of our country. It ensures proper management of water resources and water quality management in all bodies of water of the Philippines. Water Pollution Control P.D. 600 (amended by P.D. 979) prohibits the discharge of oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful substances into the countrys inland and territorial waters. Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729) an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes. Presidential Decree No. 953 is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain trees, plants and vegetation. The Forestry Reform Code P.D. 389 (P.D. 705) codifies updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources. Its function is to conserve the public forests of the nation, protect and preserve national parks and provide agricultural land for the people. Presidential Decree No. 953 is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain trees, plants and vegetation. Sanitation Code (P.D. 856) places the responsibility in the local government units for the solid waste management in his area of production. It prohibits the improper disposal of garbage 2)How Hospitality Tourism Management is affected by the current environmental laws? Environmental laws are very important in hospitality and tourism industry. They serve as guidelines in putting up businesses. These laws provide penalties for every violation that they may commit. Without these laws, there will be overuse and degradation of natural resources. These laws should be considered by tourism industries before putting up their businesses. These laws set wall or limitation for tourism but compliance with these leads to conservation of our environment and we are not only helping the environment but actually the whole humanity since we are the number one who benefits the gifts of our natural resources. The environmental laws give ideas to the hospitality and tourism employees on how to have a successful operation of their businesses. They help in creating good path to success. These laws remind tourism industries that success is not only having a good relationship with the customers they have but also having a good relationship with the environment and cooperation with the government. 3)How Hospitality and Tourism Management businesses can help improve the current environmental situation of the Philippines? Tourism activities have positive and negative effects on the life of people and in the environment. Tourism can give positive impact on the economy and provides employment for the people but its unsustainable development can lead to destruction of our environment. In developing tourism facilities such as recreation facilities, water supplies, restaurants and accommodation can involve sand mining, beach and sandbank erosion, soil erosion and extensive paving. Tourism activity can lead to land degradation and loss of wildlife habitats and deterioration of scenery. Swimming pools and hotels generally overuse water for maintenance, especially golf courses. This can lead to water shortage and generate waste water. Tourism activities also contribute in unmanageable volume of solid wastes, for example here in Baguio City, volume of solid waste increases during Panagbenga. Hospitality and Tourism Management businesses can help improve the current environmental situation of the Philippines by being socially and environmentally responsible. By doing what is right and not harmful for the environment. By complying with the laws provided for the environment. Tourism graduates must know how to apply in the industry what he learned in his school. Nowadays, sustainable tourism and green tourism are becoming popular. We should not stop in promoting sustainable and green tourism. Tourism businesses can help by conserving water and energy. Practice proper waste management, reduce, recycle and reuse. In developing their establishments use environment friendly products such as eco-friendly paints, offer products which are also eco-friendly. Tourism industry must not only after profit, we must also consider all the things it can affect, specially the environment. Our environment is very fragile. Some resources once depleted they cannot be replaced. Some once damaged , can never be back into their original state again. Some could be but it will take time. The next generation will be the one suffering from the loss of our natural resources today. Tourism businesses should be able to attract customers not by having luxurious destinations. Start promoting the natural beauty of our environment and stop damaging the natural resources we have. They should be a role model and encourage people in conserving the environment. Reference : http://bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-laws-of-philippines.html

A Prose Analysis of Miltons Sonnet XIX :: essays research papers

A Prose Analysis on Milton's "Sonnet XIX" John Milton, a poet who was completely blind in 1651 wrote "Sonnet XIX" in 1652; this sonnet is his response to his loss of sight. The theme of the sonnet is the loss and regain of primacy of experience. Milton offers his philosophical view on animism and God. Furthermore, "Sonnet XIX" explores Milton's faith and relationship with God. "Sonnet XIX" suggests that man was created to work and not rest. The supportive details, structure, form, and richness of context embodies the theme. The sonnet goes through two phases: the first phase is Milton's question addressed to God, "Why me?" he asked. Then, the second phase offers a resolution to Milton's dilemma. Moreover, the sonnet acts as a self-poem to Milton, himself. In the beginning of the sonnet, Milton suggests that his primacy of experience have been deferred when he became blind. The words, "dark", "death", and "useless" (lines 2-4) describe the emotional state of Milton. His blindness created a shrouded clarity within his mind. Line three, "And that one talent which is death to hide" is an allusion to the biblical context of the bible. Line three refers to the story of Matthew XXV, 14-30 where a servant of the lord buried his single talent instead of investing it. At the lord's return, he cast the servant into the "outer darkness" and deprived all he had. Hence, Milton devoted his life in writing; however, his blindness raped his God's gift away. A tremendous cloud casted over him and darkened his reality of life and the world. Like the servant, Milton was flung into the darkness. Line seven, "Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" describes the limitations and burdens of a person who has lost his sense of place in life. Obviously, Milton is making a reference to his blindness in relation to line seven. Line seven implies that once the usefulness of a man has diminished, then is man doomed to wasting the rest of his remaining days. In other words, has Milton's handicap made him into an obsolete machine? The quote "To be or not to be,†¦", (Hamlet, Act 3, Scene1) runs through Milton's mind. Shall he struggle and fight in the webs of darkness, or shall he accept defeat. A sense of "dark clarity" - a sinister paradox occupies Milton's mind. His brain was once clear, set, and on task; but now, it is clouded, unorganized, and fragmented. However, in the darkness, a new form of clarity arises. "That murmur. Soon replies, God doth not need Either man's work or his own gifts;" (lines 9-

A Cognitive Model of New Data on Human Problem Solving Essay -- Psycho

A Cognitive Model of New Data on Human Problem Solving I. Project Description Cognitive modeling is the creation of models which resemble and explain the way in which humans do things. What makes them so interesting to me is the process though which cognitive scientists go in order to create these models. Cognitive scientists often use a generative theory in creating such models. A generative theory is a theory that explains a set of empirical observations by actually generating them (as opposed to just summarizing them or characterizing them with equations or logic). Thus, a generative theory has to be executable, like a computer program or a "recipe". The system on which I'm basing my work is named Cascade (VenLehn, Jones & Chi, 1991). Cascade was originally developed to explain the cognitive mechanisms involved in the self-explanation effect (Chi et al., 1989; Fergusson-Hessler & de Jong, 1990; Pirolli & Bielaczyc, 1989). Simplifying a bit, the effect shows that people learn more effectively by studying examples when they are careful to explain to themselves as many steps of the example as they can. Students who do not carefully explain worked out example steps do not perform as well on subsequent problems. Cascade models the potential learning mechanisms that cause this effect. I now wish to apply the Cascade model to a new problem domain and a new set of psychological data. Originally, Cascade was written to solve problems in Newtonian physics, the domain used in Chi et al.'s study. Since Cascade was first created additional psychological research has been done in other problem domains. Due to the versatility of Cascade, applying the Cascade model to other problem domains would be beneficial. In the fall of 2000 I... ...nnual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Pirolli, P., & Bielaczyc, K. (1989). Empirical analyses of self-explanation and transfer in learning to program. In G. M. Olson & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 450-457). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Renkl, A., Atkinson, R. K., & Maier, U. H. (2000). From studying examples to solving problems: Fading worked-out solution steps helps learning. In L. R. Gleitman & A. K. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 393-398). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. VanLehn, K., Jones, R. M., & Chi, M. T. H. (1991). A model of the self-explanation effect. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2, 1-59.

Goals for English Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"In the long run, men hit only that they aim at, therefore they had better aim at something high.† I agree with Thoreau completely. When you have goals in life, you’re going to do anything and everything to accomplish those goals. Therefore why not set higher goals that you will endeavor just with diminutive amount of more effort? One semester of English has gone by and there's another semester to go. Even though I have done fairly well in English the first semester, I would like to do even better the second semester. I can only do better if I have a plan and this plan is the different types of goals I am going to set for myself. You can’t be a good student by just doing well in one aspect of any subject. You need to become better in all aspects of the subject and become a better student overall. Writing:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though my writing has progressed since the beginning of the school year, there are still a few parts that I need to improve in my writing to become a better writer. My vocabulary isn’t that strong and for the second semester, I would like to start to build my vocabulary and use better words in my writing. I think I can accomplish this goal by memorizing a useful, common word everyday and using it somehow in my daily life. I can also use better words by using the thesaurus while I’m writing. I don’t mean to use the thesaurus and translate every word I’m using but change a few wo...

Philosophy and Religion - Are they Compatible? Essay -- Ethics Christi

Philosophy and Religion - Are they Compatible? The death of God. Just the sound of the phrase makes it seem like a scary event, one that would change the life of everyone involved. The idea of the "death" of something implies that it did, at one time, have life or vitality. Friedrich Nietzsche uses this phrase to make a point, to define an event, which signifies the last man's life as pathetic. Perhaps we realize that God is not dead; perhaps our belief in God is so sure, that even contemplating Nietzsche's ideas appalls us. The truth is, his ideas make us think. They make us contemplate our beliefs and our mentality. I suggest that Nietzsche has a point; we must discover the role of religion in our lives. Does it draw us to act as one of the herd? Does religion weaken us, as he suggests? Or is our salvation and strength through God? Rather than having to look the possibility of an overman for strength, religion and God offer strength rather than weakness. Nietzsche offers to us an opportunity to rethink our set opinions and question the strength of our belief. I suggest that his concept of the overman and our concept of a follower can be reconciled. I will attempt to reconcile his self-power with our belief in the power of God through looking at other philosophers as well as Nietzsche. Why should we care what Nietzsche thinks about Christianity, about life, or even about God? "We cannot afford to ignore the bracing, stimulating side of Nietzsche's view of life, his exposure of softness, of flimsy and sugary sentimentalism, of our slipshod temper, of the mental atmosphere of the slacker" (Foster 191-2). And why can't we afford to ignore his ideas? Because he presents a new idea of the human: the herd tendencies, the ... ...e and choose faith over sin. With the ideas of thinkers from Nietzsche to Kierkegaard intact, I feel the time has come to present my own ideas. In contrast to Nietzsche, I offer the thought that power can be found through humility. Perhaps it would be best for us to bring the questioning and self-power found in Nietzsche together with the faith and love of God found in Kierkegaard and Lewis. Works Cited Lewis, C.S. "Faith Proves the Existence of God to the Believer" Marx, Karl. The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton, 1978. Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 1998. Foster, George Burman. Friedrich Nietzsche. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1931. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Gay Science. New York: Vintage Books, 1974. Jung, C.G. "Seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra".

Letter to Joyce’s Eveline’s Father

25 November 1844 Dublin Dear Father, I have always attended your every need, and I was there whenever you needed me. I worked hard. I worked hard at home, I worked hard at the store and I’ve come to realize; I am not in the bit happy. I am not happy about working this much and I am not happy about what I get for it. Everything is changing, everybody’s going somewhere and I am stuck and my life isn’t going anywhere. I remember how my mother used to be. She used to work hard, very hard.She sacrificed herself for us father, and I am not her and I can’t be like her here. I will always be her daughter here, not a woman. Daughter of a ghost! I am leaving father, although with sorrow in my heart, I am leaving. I am running away with Frank. I will be safe, Frank will take care of me. I will be far, very far away. I will have a house and a husband. People will respect me. I will have a life, a life of my own. I’ve made so many sacrifices father: To you, to c hildren, to the store; but I never got anything in exchange.After all that time a gentleman who appreciates me comes along and you father forbade me to see him. I can’t die in this house father, this house already has a ghost. I made a promise to mother before she was gone. I promised her I’d try to keep the home together as long as I can. It hurts me not keeping my promise but father do understand me, you have never been easy on me. I am not here to replace mother, it’s not my fault she’s gone, father. Although you weren’t easy on me, it is not your fault that I am leaving father. It is nobody’s fault.If I stay nobody can change my life, how can one? You are still my father and I still respect and love you. I wish you well father. Farewell. Love, Eveline 25 November 1844 Dublin Dear Harry, With great sorrow in my heart, I bid you and the children farewell. I am going off to South America and I won’t be able to see you again. I will b e safe, I am accompanied by frank and a house that I will be the lady of is waiting for me. I know we weren’t great siblings, but we are siblings. I will miss you Harry, and I will miss the children.I am leaving to choose a life Harry, to have a life of my own, to be able to live, to be able to be not only a daughter but a wife, but a mother; a respected woman. I cannot live with two tragedies in this house. Ernest, and of course mother†¦ Their memories still haunt me, I still hear my mom screaming â€Å"Deveraun Seraun! † right before†¦ Please don’t think I betrayed my family, because if I don’t go I will betray myself. Don’t I have the right to be happy? Don’t I deserve to be happy? I advise you to get a maid for the house. Youngest daughter of Devines, Maria is a nice girl and she wouldn’t ask for too much money.Tell father to be nice to her though, and you will have to check on him more often than you do. He’s get ting old Harry, it’s hard for him. Tell children I love them and I will write to them. Maybe who knows, one day they come to visit me when they are older. Tell them Aunt Eveline had to leave and it is not in the bit their fault. Make sure they eat enough and go to bed on time. The little one’s grades aren’t very good but be kind to him. He just needs more help. My best wishes to you and the children Harry. Farewell. Love Eveline

Model and Incidence Reduction Formula

Today, we have many youth that have decided to come out of the closet, and have been shunned by their families and peers. Many have turned to alcohol and drugs to cope with their feelings of rejection. On the other hand, many of our youth indulge in risky sexual behaviors that put them at a great risk for sexuality transmitted diseases and even suicide ideation. Community Needs The proposed prevention program will address discrimination projected at youth's who identify with being gay or lesbian in their communities.When discrimination occurs in the community, it produces stress, physical and psychological issues. Lewis, Delegated, Clarke, & Kiang (2006) article addressed how discrimination of on?s sexual identity is categorization toward their social status. Discrimination of gay or lesbian youth can also produce substance use problems, suicidal acts, violent factorization along with risky sexual behaviors that put them at risk for HIVE infection, and significant rates of school dro pout (Kernighan, Sheathes, & Abacus, 2014).In communities, there are five factors that prohibit resilience within the lesbian or gay youth. Russell, Bona, Macaroon, & Smith (201 1) stated that the Sebastian or gay youth often experience homophobia, divisions' within their own communities; inability to make sense of danger; family failure of support for sexual identity; and their internalizing of negative information about lesbian or gay youth intentions on society as a whole. Many youth are therefore left feeling alone and unaccepted by their communities in which they live in.Desired Results Outputs: The overall achievement for participating in the program â€Å"Yes I Can† will be the following components. 1 . Parental/caretaker acceptance Of youth's sexual orientation. 2. Stability of emotional, physical and psychological health. . Cessation of risky sexual and addictive behaviors. 4. Parental/caretaker active participation in therapy. 5. Production of positive relationships in families, peers, and school. 6. Ability to relinquish prior offenses that caused tremendous psychological and emotional pain, 7. Ability to live a life free from shame and guilt.Impacts The expected goals of the program ‘Yes Can† will seek to foster self- acceptance of the youth's sexual identity, promote positive self-image; emotional and psychological stability; acknowledgement of guilt producing behaviors that affect cognitive abilities while wanting to achieve positive hanged. Influential Factors The program will utilize three modalities that have been shown to provide significant reduction capabilities for the lesbian or gay youth. Cognitive behavioral therapy postulates cessation of negative behavior and substance usage.The triangular theory of love will explain the concept of what love is, while forgiveness therapy will help the youth to understand how forgiveness can benefit them emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically once they make the conscious choic e to forgive individuals who have wronged them. Parents and caretakers can empower their children to be who they are by encouraging them attend school regardless of what others say or do as long as they are not harmed. Strategies The following strategies will be utilized in the prevention program â€Å"Yes I Can†. 1.Community leaders and organizations to provide stringent policies for anti-gay harassment and violence in the schools. 2. Encouragement from parent/caretaker, community leaders and organizations. 3. Encouragement to stay in school. 4. Therapist/counselor understands how biases can damage the therapeutic relationship. 5. Utilization of competent providers in the assessment and counseling sectors. 6. Cultural competence. . Ethical guidelines adherence. 8. Journaling by participant's of their needs and Concerns. 9. Assess the prospect of suicide ideation through the Beck Scale. 10. Random drug screenings. 11.Explain the informed consent. 12. Obtain an active measurem ent of confidence by using the self-efficacy scale. Assumptions The prevention program goals will be to empower the youths toward self- acceptance, positive self-worth, freedom from their negative past experiences; production of positive coping mechanisms; understanding of the risk of substance abuse on their health. The program will utilize donated reverie for assessments and counseling services. Referrals will be made to area hospitals with the recommendation for evaluation of the participant in a crisis stabilization unit for suicide ideation.Incidence Reduction Formula Incidence Reduction= Decrease: Maladaptive coping, stress reduction, depression, risky sexual of anger from prior offenses, shame Guilt. Behaviors, alleviation Increase: Acceptance of sexual identity, parental/caretaker Communication, self-esteem, self-worth. Logic Model Resources Activities Outputs Short & Long Terms Outcomes Staff Trained in forgiveness therapy. Provide understanding of love for self. Trained st aff in cognitive behavioral therapy. Participant's secured from area schools, churches, & parental referrals.Community agency referrals. Parental/caretaker participation Group therapy sessions. Workbooks on discriminatory practices. Journals to write own thoughts & feelings to be addressed in therapy Drug testing Parental/caretaker involvement. Parental/caretaker acceptance of youth's sexual orientation. Developed positive self-esteem. Substance abuse alleviated. Positive support from selected peers/family Of choice. Alleviate depression & suicidal ideation. Positive cognitive and decision making skills. Positive attitude toward school and peers.Positive parental/caretaker relationships sustained. Develop and utilize voice against discrimination. Positive identity. Ability to function daily without drugs and alcohol. Healthy attitude toward life. Ability to develop and maintain healthy relationships. Ability to encourage others of the lesbian and gay community. Formative The program will use the concept of targeted mediator validation which recommends researchers to select social, psychological, and demographic variables that would be used in mediating and moderating such variables for he intervention.There will be three modalities used to advance and achieve the allocated intervention procedures. Attention will be focused on logged parental/caretaker and community participations. Relationship qualities will be viewed to assess whether they are conducive for the participant's. Conformity will be completed between the influences on the participants willingness to change negative behaviors that have caused them harm. Us m native The program â€Å"Yes I Can† was designed to empower the lesbian and gay youth in communities to change damaging behaviors that have stagnated heir joy in life from discrimination.

Deforestation Cause and Effects

â€Å"Scientist fear that 20 percent of the trees will be lost over the next two decades† (From â€Å"Last of the Amazon† by Scott Wallace). Deforestation can be caused by many things, natural or unnatural. The number one cause can be said to be illegal logging or erosion, but we all know that is not it. Deforestation in the world is caused by man and the effects are devastating to the environment and can also effect global warming. Man can cause deforestation because of his greediness to want everything.For example, loggers in the Amazon are illegally cutting down trees to either make space for crops and cattle, or to get the wood and sell it. Man can also show his greediness when it comes to money, well, to be exact gold. Back in the 1850’s when the gold rush started in California; people began to chop down redwood trees in order to build their homes and towns. Eventually, by the 1900’s most of the original old redwood forest was gone.As a result of man, the effects, such as deforestation, are devastating to the environment. In addition to all the illegal logging being done, erosion can affect the surrounding areas. Erosion washes away the soil that other trees or plants in the area need adding on to future deforestation. Furthermore, the mass logging being done can also disrupt the water cycle. By cutting down a large amount of trees, the rainfall in that area can decrease because the moisture released by the trees also decreased.As a matter of fact, this can then cause a drought and make things even worse. Global warming can also be elicited by deforestation. The cutting down of a large amount of trees can increase the amount of greenhouse gasses that can be released to the atmosphere. To illustrate, if trees are cut down, the amount of carbon dioxide that is taken by them decreases. As a result, the carbon dioxide that was not taken by the trees goes up to the atmosphere, trapping heat and creating global warming.Furthermore, tr ees are 50 percent carbon, meaning that when they have fallen or burned, the CO2 they store escapes back into the air. In summary, global warming and the devastation being done to the environment are all caused by deforestation taking place because man. In the end, the effects of man’s greediness have almost caused the extinction of the redwood tree and it is now affecting the whole world with global warming. In my opinion, there should be a law that makes loggers plant a new smaller tree after they cut down the big old one.

The Trial and Death of Socrates: Linking the Symposium and the Apology

Philosophy, as it is conceived in its classical sense, means love or friendship for wisdom. Although the aforementioned conception is the most widely accepted, there is also another important conception of philosophy which springs from the Socratic-Platonic Dialogues itself; that philosophy is a certain kind of therapeia; that is, the care of one’s soul.Socrates himself believes that the care of one’s soul should be our utmost concern as human beings. Thereby, declaring that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living. †Socrates’ trial and death as it is recorded by Plato in the Apology is one of the manifestations of Socrates’ commitment to philosophy as the care of the soul and the kind of life which is most appropriate for human beings to live. It is important to note that Socrates’ death could have been avoided if, after hearing the charges against him by his accusers Anytus and Meletus, have opted to admit that his teachings are wrong and go on a voluntary exile; but to do so would mean damaging his own soul and turning his back away from the truth; two things that Socrates is deeply committed to.This paper seeks to explore how the Symposium parallels the charges against Socrates in the Apology. In the Apology, Plato seeks to provide an account of Socrates’ trial and death; the emphasis of which is Socrates’ defense before the Athenian jurors. It is of utmost importance that we bear in mind that the Greek word apologia means defense if we are to arrive at a fuller understanding of the dialogue. The Symposium, on the other hand, deals with two very important topics: the nature of love and of knowledge.In the Apology, there are three main reasons as to why Socrates was put on trial. These may be called as the formal charges against Socrates. In Paul Millet’s book, it is clearly stated: Meletos†¦ has brought this charge and lodged this affidavit against Socrates†¦ Socrates has broken t he law by not acknowledging the gods whom the state acknowledges and introducing new daimonic things. He has also broken the law by subverting the young. The penalty should be death.(34) The foregoing passage lays down the formal charges against Socrates. Although scholars are divided in many issues concerning the supposedly historical account provided by Plato, I think it is unfair based upon the available data that there is no underlying political agenda behind Socrates’ trial and death. There are a number of reasons as to why Socrates may have many enemies. First of all, there is Socrates’ intellectual activities and reputation.Being the philosopher that he is, speculating, asking questions and probing into other people’s beliefs, it is not difficult to see that these activities offended a lot of his interlocutors especially people who are considered as knowledgeable and learned during his time. Second, Socrates’ associations are very much dangerous du ring that time. One may be reminded of Socrates’ uncle Charmides, and Critias; both members of the Thirty Tyrants.Socrates is also associated with Alcibiades, another infamous figure and also one of the key persons in the Symposium. In point of fact, such personal association with these figures is dangerous because of the political climate of the time. This is because during that time, the seat of power in Athens is very much unstable (Brickhouse and Smith 19). Such being the case, Socrates may be said to be in a very difficult situation.This is because Athens (at least, those who were in power during that time) is very critical of those personalities who can influence another upheaval and shift in the balance of power. Socrates’ intellectual activities made the youth of Athens ask questions. All of a sudden, things that are not questioned in the past are now being questioned. For some, such activities are considered dangerous and qualify as corrupting the youth of Ath ens. Socrates then, is considered as a threat to Athens and democracy.In the Symposium, we can identify an instance where Socrates questions the gods. As they were discussing love, Socrates presents a view which may be said to run against the Athenian law (and this may be related to the first formal charge against Socrates, that is, of not worshipping the gods). As Socrates makes mention of Diotima’s view about love and his agreement to her, one may say that Socrates is open to talking about and even questioning the sacred and profane.It is important to note that in the past, these things are not the type of things that is openly discussed especially in terms of questioning the gods. In the same dialogue, Symposium that is, one may notice that Alcibiades is very much attracted to Socrates and is always making ways to be alone with him. If Plato’s account is accurate, however, Socrates was able to make manifest his exceptional self-control and discipline not only in tho ught but also in bodily pleasures.In the final analysis, two important aspects offer us a tenable position as to why Socrates was put to trial and death. First, it is plausible to maintain that it is primarily because of his intellectual activities and philosophical teachings/convictions as the gadfly of Athens. Second, it is also plausible to maintain that those in the seat of power became very much in doubt of Socrates because of his personal associations with the infamous political figures of the time associated with or members of the Thirty Tyrants and traitors.The first and the second reasons may be sum up in one idea; that Socrates’ pursuit of the truth and his openness to talk about and question even the sacred and the profane poses a threat to Athens and democracy. Works Cited Brickhouse, Thomas and Nicholas Smith. Socrates on Trial. US: Oxford University Press, 1990. Millet, Paul. â€Å"The Trial of Socrates Revisited. † European Review of History 12 (2005): 2 3-62 Reeve, C. D. C. Socrates in the Apology: An Essay on Plato’s Apology of Socrates. US: Hackett Publishing, 1990.

Breaking the China Plate Passage

Almost every character in the book experienced a special kind of relationship with someone else; some were good relationships and some were bad. Orleans and Nathan had a great relationship at home, but as soon as they came to the Congo, that relationship began to go downhill, and this passage seems to be the proof that their relationship is completely broken. In the passage, the china plate is a symbol for Orleans and Antenna's relationship. Orleans was too â€Å"fond† of that plate, which shows how much she cared for her and her husband's marriage.She wanted It to work out but the way Nathan was being, It was nearly impossible. When Nathan breaks that plate, their relationship is over the table, which is the official end of a great relationship. That plate stood for something more than a nice, decorative china piece. It stood for the great relationship Orleans and Nathan once had. Once that plate begins to be tossed around and not cared for by Nathan, that Is when you get the first sense of a relationship beginning to be destroyed. The smaller half flipped upside down as it broke, and lay there dribbling lack plantain Juice like blood onto the tablecloth. Mother stood helplessly, holding her hand out to the plate like she wished she could mend Its hurt feelings. † These two sentences are really Important In proving my theme. When this tablecloth gets stained with this â€Å"Juice like blood†, it shows that their relationship will not be the same; and that it basically is dead. Also, it shows how much Orleans cared for the relationship. Also, this sentence shows how much she wanted to care for it like It had feelings.These feelings are real and they are her feelings that were broken, she wanted to fix the relationship but it was just not going to work. â€Å"l wonder what outlook you might think that to be, he said to Mother in that same special voice for bad dogs and morons. † This evidence shows how much Nathan cared for the relatio nship, He TLD care about the relationship. Not only did he not care about his relationship with his wife, he did not really care about her at all. He treated her terribly and that the only thing he cared for was his mission in the Congo, and that is he reason their relationship is coming to an end.This passage relates too lot of the novel because almost every character experienced a time of a relationship with somebody else, whether It was good or bad. For example, Rachel and Axolotl, Lea and her father Nathan, Lea and Anatoly, and so on. There are many relationships 1 OFF Tanat are Torment Ana most AT teen Ana up not Deluge a great relations. Once a lot of these relationships are formed, they never really keep in touch or the relationships die off as each character gets older.That is why relationship is a huge thematic concept in the novel; and once most of these relationships are broken, then it can be very hard if not impossible to piece them back together Just like the relations hip explained in the broken china passage between Nathan and his wife Orleans. In conclusion, this passage is very important to one of the themes in the novel. That theme is, when relationships are broken, it can be almost impossible to piece them back together. That is what this passage is saying; once that plate is broken, their relationship is destroyed.

Cellular Metabolism in Yeast essays

Cellular Metabolism in Yeast essays The yeast Saccromyces cerevisae was placed in two different sets of test tubes along with glucose and MgSO4 or NaF to test the effects of the MgSO4 and NaF on yeast cellular metabolism. A third set of test tubes was used as a control. The results show that there is not a significant difference between any of the three groups, but an experimental error may have caused these findings. Yeasts are unicellular members of the Kingdom Fungi that can ferment sugar and produce ethanol. This particular experiment deals with Saccharomyces cerevisttae, a type of yeast that reproduces asexually by budding (Stanford). Yeast survives on oxygen, so it is an aerobe. It also has the amazing ability of adapting to oxygen-less environments and surviving as an anaerobe (Cofalec). Metabolism is the biochemical assimilation and dissimilation of nutrients by a cell (Munich). Redox reactions form new cellular material and generate energy. The different reactions can be divided into anabolism and catabolism (Gamboa). Using the necessary equipment, yeast can be metabolized and studied in the laboratory. This experiment deals with the effects of MgSO4 and NaF on anaerobic respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisttae. We hypothesize that we will obtain statistically significant differences in our experimental groups when we compare them to the control. We obtained and carefully cleaned nine test tubes, placed them into a test tube rack, then poured 8 ml of 1.0 M glucose into each of them. In the three control test tubes, we added 8 ml deionized water. After that, we shook and added 8 ml of a yeast suspension into all test tubes. Using a fume hood, we added 8 ml 0.01M MgSO4 to three test tubes that did not have the deionized water in them. 8 ml of 0.1M NaF were added to the final three test tubes. We placed inverted vials over each test tube then inverted each system. Using a grease pencil, we marked the fluid's meniscus on each tube th ...

Comments for Ruby Code (Usage, Single, and Multi-Line)

Comments for Ruby Code (Usage, Single, and Multi-Line) Comments in your Ruby code are notes and annotations meant to be read by other programmers. The comments themselves are ignored by the Ruby interpreter, so the text inside the comments isnt subject to any restrictions. Its usually good form to put comments before classes and methods as well any piece of code that may be complex or unclear. Using Comments Effectively Comments should be used to give background information or annotate difficult code. Notes that simply say what the next line of straightforward code does are not only obvious but also add clutter to the file. Its important to take care not to use too many comments and to be sure the comments made in the file are meaningful and helpful to other programmers. The Shebang Youll notice that all Ruby programs start with a comment that begins with #!. This is called a shebang and is used on Linux, Unix and OS X systems. When you execute a Ruby script, the shell (such as bash on Linux or OS X) will look for a shebang at the first line of the file. The shell will then use the shebang to find the Ruby interpreter and run the script. The preferred Ruby shebang is #!/usr/bin/env ruby, though you may also see #!/usr/bin/ruby or #!/usr/local/bin/ruby. Single-Line Comments The Ruby single-line comment begins with the # character and ends at the end of the line. Any characters from the # character to the end of the line are completely ignored by the Ruby interpreter. The # character doesnt necessarily have to occur at the beginning of  the line; it can occur anywhere. The following example illustrates a few uses of comments. #!/usr/bin/env ruby # This line is ignored by the Ruby interpreter # This method prints the sum of its arguments def sum(a,b)   Ã‚  puts ab end sum(10,20) # Print the sum of 10 and 20 Multi-Line Comments Though often forgotten by many Ruby programmers, Ruby does have multi-line comments. A multi-line comment begins with the begin token and ends with the end token. These tokens should start at the beginning of the line and be the only thing on the line. Anything between these two tokens is ignored by the Ruby interpreter. #!/usr/bin/env ruby begin Between begin and end, any number of lines may be written. All of these lines are ignored by the Ruby interpreter. end puts Hello world! In this example, the code would execute as Hello world!

10 Amazing Fantasy Novels You Need to Read Now

10 Amazing Fantasy Novels You Need to Read Now From feminist fantasy to African mythology to Muslim writers inspired by ancient Arabia, weve compiled a list of some amazing (and wonderfully diverse) fantasy novels you need to read if you love the genre. Many on this list are new authors who have recently published their debut fantasy novel, or established authors who have made it to the New York Times Bestsellers list with a fresh foray into fantasy after publishing in other genres.Whether youre looking for a coming-of-age Young Adult fantasy story or an old-school dive into the Dungeons Dragons universe, there should be something on this list just right for your tastes. New fantasy authors are subverting and reinventing the genre, opening up a golden age in fantasy writing, so happy reading!New fantasy authors are subverting and reinventing the genre, opening up a golden age in fantasy writing. Photo by Matteo Kutufa on Unsplash.The Womens War by Jenna GlassPraised as an epic feminist fantasy for the #MeToo era, The Womens War is Jenna Glasss debut fantasy novel and is the tale of a revolutionary spell that gives women the ability to control their own fertility. Set in neighboring kingdoms ruled by kings and noblemen, the tale offers imaginative worldbuilding coupled with magic that only women can wield- magic which threatens to tear down the patriarchal structure in which women are nothing more than property and bargaining chips. When a young disinherited daughter of a king and a widowed mother of two adolescent children discover it, their world and experience as women will never be the same.Getting Wilde By Jenn StarkAs the first book in the 11-volume Immortal Vegas series, Jenn Starks Getting Wilde has been praised by critics as hilarious, sexy, and thrillingly high action. This urban fantasy series follows Sara Wilde, a magical artifacts hunter and rescuer of young psychics being sold on the black market. With the help of a Tarot deck, she helps clients find things- magical things, in fact. When a new job offers her a big payday, the stakes include breaking into the Vatican and getting too close for comfort to the Devil.Enter Saras most mysterious client, the wickedly sexy Magician, with a job that could yield the ultimate payday. All shell have to do is get behind Vatican walls... and steal the Devil himself. Complete with an ancient and mysterious magical Council, militant forces seeking to destroy all magic, demigods, twisting catacombs and Rome and Vegas rowdy nightlife, Sara confronts the underworld of magic in an exciting read that is hard to put down.We Hunt the Flame by Hafsah FaizalJust released this month, Hafsah Faizals debut fantasy novel, We Hunt the Flame, is hailed as lyrical and spellbinding and Paste Magazine listed it in its Top 10 Most Anticipated YA Novels of 2019. With its inspiration drawn from ancient Arabia, We Hunt the Flame tells the story of Zafira, a huntress who disguises herself as a man while braving cursed forests and feeding her people with her k ills.Living in the same kingdom is a young man known as the Prince of Death, who carries out assassinations for anyone who defies his father, the sultan, and whose compassionate nature must be hidden beneath a brutal exterior and family expectations. As war brews and danger finds them both, these young characters seek an ancient, magical artifact to achieve different aims. Its a story of bravery, self-revelation, and identity set in a lush world full of magic and mystery.Perfekt Order (The Ære Saga) (Volume 1) by S.T. BendePerfekt Order by S.T. Bende is another YA fantasy should be on your list of must-read books, especially if you enjoy witty, well-rounded characters and Norse mythology. It tells the story of seventeen-year-old Mia Ahlstrà ¶m, an engineering student at Redwood State University, who meets an arrogant, overprotective Tyr Fredriksen at her first college party. But Tyr is not what he seems- or rather, is much more than he seems. Hes actually the Norse God of War, on Earth to protect a valuable Asgardian treasure, and Mia, too, if shell let him. The repartee in this book make it a fast, fun read.Empire of Sand (The Books of Ambha) by Tasha SuriTasha Suris debut fantasy novel, Empire of Sand, tells the story of Mehr, an illegitimate yet privileged daughter born to a nobleman father and magical, nomadic mother who she never knew. Inheriting her mothers magical gifts of controlling the dreams of the gods, Mehr captures the attention of the Emperors mystics, who persuade her to use her magic to help build the Empire. This Mughal India-inspired novel contains a darkly woven story that is as original as it is impressive, prompting one reviewer to state, I am beginning to think that we are at a new golden age of fantasy literature.A Darker Shade of Magic: A Novel by V.E. SchwabVictoria V.E. Schwab is a #1 New York Times bestselling author of more than a dozen books and the first book in her Shades of Magic trilogy, A Darker Shade of Magic, is arguab ly her writing at its best. Lyrically compelling and haunting, A Darker Shade of Magic tells the story of Kell, a magician and smuggler with a rare ability to travel between parallel Londons defined by a color- Red, Grey, White, and Black. Each London has a varying relationship with magic, and those who practice it, and the book is equal parts fantasy, romance, inter-dimensional travel, and adventure combined with a strong female character who is intriguing from the start.Perdido Street Station by China Mià ©villeHaving won both the Arthur C. Clarke Award and the British Fantasy Award, China Mià ©ville, London-based author of Perdido Street Station, knows how to use equal parts magic and science to build fantastical worlds that are not for the faint of heart. For this novel, he weaves a dystopian society beneath towering ribs of an ancient beast, and inhabitants of it that include both humans and arcane races in a steam-punk inspired, cross-species filled setting. The main charact er is Isaac, a scientist who conducts experiments for a half-bird/half-human entity, and feeds a growing caterpillar hallucinogenic drugs only to soon discover its true, horrific intent. This novel includes gore, sex, immoral experimentation, and technobabble, but offers plenty for fantasy-lovers to digest (pun intended).The God Catcher by Erin M. EvansIf you are a fan of Dungeons Dragons, you should add The God Catcher by Erin M. Evans to your fantasy reading list. Set in the City of Splendors, part of the Forgotten Realms created by Ed Greenwood, this is a coming-of-age story about Tennora, a bookish yet renegade young lady who desperately wants to be a wizard. She finds the opportunity upon meeting Clytemorrenestrix, who claims to be a dragon, only to later be warned that the dragon woman is not all she claims to be. In fact, shes dangerous, and Tennoras life could be in peril by participating in her malevolent plans.Black Leopard, Red Wolf (The Dark Star Trilogy) by Marlon Jame sBlack Leopard, Red Wolf by Jamaican-born Marlon James is the first novel in Jamess Dark Star trilogy, combining African mythology and history with unforgettable and fantastical adventure. It is a non-linear narrative revealing the story of Tracker, noted for his hunting skills, who is hired to find a boy who disappeared three years ago. He finds himself in the company of a diverse group of unusual characters with the same purpose in mind, one of which is a shape-shifting man-animal known as Leopard. Questioning who is telling the truth and why the young boy is being sought after so desperately, Tracker learns that theres much more to life than his usual, solitary lifestyle.Empty Monsters (The Books of Oreyn) by Cat HellisenCat Hellisens Empty Monsters is a coming-of-age tale of family expectations and finding ones own path as much as it is about the family were born into versus the family we choose. After discovering a magical lineage- the very lineage his family has sworn to rid t he world of for generations- the main character, Aden, immerses himself in an experience that he was once taught to fear. In doing so, he learns a truth about who the real monsters are and his role in their collective story. One reviewer notes, This isnt your typical swashbuckling, sword-and-sorcery style fantasy. Its quiet and introspective, more character study than adventure.

A Stereotypical Media essays

A Stereotypical Media essays The media of todays society plays the peddler to the stereotypes that plague our country. However, the media is not solely to blame. Susan Sontag states in her essay The Image World: Through being photographed, something becomes part of a system of information, fitted into schemes of classification and storage(Sontag 196). Through our own demand as consumers, the use of advertising in television, newspapers, and especially magazines relays to the public an erratic system of stereotypical information. The system of information relayed through photographic imagery in advertising directly affects the thoughts of society, on how a woman should look and feel. Thus, mixing the stereotypical woman of delicacy, and grandeur with sex and sexuality. The vast amount of stereotypical advertising today is directed at the middle-class, American worker. This specification in advertising is due to the fact that the middle class workers are the main consumers. This idea is represented in the magazine, Newsweek. Printed on April 3, 2000, Newsweek prints numerous articles of news that are not so focused and in-depth, but still contains valid consistency. The magazine is truly tailored to the middle class and so is its advertising. In the midst of clutter, from articles of political power, to the rise of the doughnut culture, sits an ad of poise and content. Posted by the Target Corporation, a store tailored to the middle class, the ad displays, a very young, beautiful woman covered shoulders to toe in ivy, holding a rayon handbag. She is poised, illustrious and elegant, a mirror image of a statue. The backdrop of the image is calm, organized and serene. The ad reads ivy plant $6.99, rayon crochet bag $14.99(Newsweek 7). However, the ads imagery at first glance does not fully portray the stereotypes within it. The appearances of stereotypes in this serene ad are hard to find, but are foun...

Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essays

Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essays Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essay Explain the Problem of Induction- Discuss Two Different Solutions to It. Essay Explain the problem of induction- Discuss two different solutions to it. The problem of induction is the philosophical issue of whether using induction to justify our beliefs is reasonable. We have memories and experience from past events that allow us to prepare for the future. Although the future is not certain, using generalizations and predictions, we can assume with some certainty that, what will happen tomorrow, will be similar, if not the same as what happened today. We use induction to predict events happening in the future or make generalizations based on previous information we have obtained for example, we can assume that during the day, the sun will pass over the sky and disappear at night. We can assume this because it has happened every day that we have cared to notice since we existed. We also make generalizations, for example, every spider I have seen had exactly eight legs, and therefore I can say that the next spider I see will have eight legs also. The conclusions of the above arguments arrived due to inductive reasoning but they do not necessarily have the same degree of certainty as the premises. Some spiders may carry a certain gene that when bred with a spider with a similar gene, may produce a six legged spider. Although the likely hood of that happening may be low, it is possible and therefore makes the argument invalid. Making a series of observations, however many, may be thought to imply a particular conclusion about some future event only if induction itself works. If a prediction turns out to be correct, it does not establish the reliability of induction, except inductively. How can a prediction or a conclusion to an inductive argument be justified? David Hume (1711-1776, cited in Sober, 2004) states that there is a missing premise in all inductive arguments. Inductive arguments take the form of Observation (1) in my experience, fires are hot Conclusion (2) therefore, all fires are hot Hume states that the inference from observation to conclusion is evidence that the induction argument above is not fully clear. Without a second thought, the argument passes from observation to conclusion and shows that we accept a principle connecting the two. Hume formulates this missing premise as the claim that the future will resemble the past; a principle that is normally overlooked because everyone thinks it to be common sense, but it is present in every instance of inductive reasoning. What Hume suggests to make the inference from observation to conclusion valid is a premise that he calls the principal of the uniformity of nature (PUN) This principal does not claim that the future will resemble the past in every respect, it merely states that in some respect, the future will resemble the past. The new argument takes the form Observation (1) in my experience, fires are hot (PUN) (2) Nature is uniform Conclusion (3) therefore, all fires are hot The above argument is now valid. The premises justify the conclusion. We must assume that PUN if an inductive argument is made. Sceptics may still find the conclusion not rationally justified and therefore would have to attack a premise. The obvious choice for a sceptic would be to attack premise 2. They would state that PUN is an inductive argument it self e. g. 1)For as long as I have observed, nature has been constant Therefore, (2) Nature in general is uniform An inductive argument cannot defend an inductive argument as that would be circular and PUN cannot be defended by a deductive argument as the observations we have made provide no evidence for this. Perhaps to defend the PUN, I could change the definition to fit a similar statement as â€Å"all circles are round. † Hume rejected this by stating that there would be no c ontradiction in supposing that the universe should suddenly change (Sober, 2004). Also PUN infers that the future resembles the past in some respect. This principal would not help me if I wanted to know how many legs spiders have in the future. If the future is only similar in some respect how can PUN be a reliable insight into the future? As shown above, PUN cannot be defended and therefore cannot be justified. Therefore the problem of induction is that all of the inductive inferences we make cannot be rationally justified, we cannot give a reason why we make the inferences we do. Hume suggested a solution to the problem of induction; he stated that because of our natural beliefs and basic instincts. When we are all born with the acceptance of PUN, every human and every animal has this trait. Perhaps we have obtained this from the countless years of evolution or a gift from a divine being. Wherever it comes from, it is set so deeply in our minds that we have no real choice about whether to accept it. We are able to momentarily forget about the principal, but nature soon reasserts itself and we begin to make generalizations and assumptions. Hume also state that when we are confronted with a natural belief, a belief that comes to us as naturally e. g. believing the sun will rise in the morning, we are rationally justified in accept it. A belief can be rational in this sense even though we cannot supply any convincing arguments for it. If two people therefore have different beliefs regarding the same situation e. g. the sun will rise tomorrow and the sun will not rise tomorrow, they can both be rationally justified if it is their natural beliefs that caused their decisions. What we are rationally entitled to believe depends on what sort of beliefs we have, and not just on the available evidence and argument. In conclusion, the problem of induction does not have a definite solution that every can agree to. A possible solution may be to believe in what we naturally believe in. Reference: Sober, E. ( 4th edn. 2004). Core Questions in Philosophy: A Text with Readings. Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Education Inc. http://explanation-guide. info/meaning/Problem-of-induction. html

Explain how the equilibrium level of output is determined in perfect competition Essays

Explain how the equilibrium level of output is determined in perfect competition Essays Explain how the equilibrium level of output is determined in perfect competition Paper Explain how the equilibrium level of output is determined in perfect competition Paper technology, products and consumer feedback. The introduction of price comparison websites has made the market hugely more competitive. It is now exceptionally simple to obtain the cheapest and highest prices of any good or service you want. This now means businesses have no choice but to compete and lower prices if they are to stay in business. The internet has also brought about consumer feedback which is very easy to find for pretty much any product. Before the internet it wasnt easy to find reviews and feedback on products, so there was a lack of information which also gave scope and benefitted businesses as if there was a disadvantage in there product and, or another product was better it was difficult to find out. The internet has made feedback extremely easy to find on most products which means any mistakes in products and services are highlighted and alternatives are recommended. This means the firms have to keep upto date and constantly maintain there product to keep themselves in business. The online market has significantly reduced or even removed transaction costs. For instance if you were buying a banana from a store; to purchase the banana, your costs will be not only the price of the banana itself, but also the energy and effort it requires to find out which of the various banana products you prefer, where to get them and at what price, the cost of traveling from your house to the store and back, the time waiting in line, and the effort of the paying itself; the costs above and beyond the cost of the banana are the transaction costs. An online business has no or significantly less transaction costs. This had made markets alot more competitive as online firms are able to provide there products cheaper than they are in shops. Developments have also introduced new kinds of retailers, like Amazon who have different business structures. However, the internet has also put great strain and eroded some markets. Businesses such as Antique shops have been put out of business due to the internet and internet auction sites such as eBay. People are able to sell there antiques from the comfort of there own and homes and perhaps even make more money selling online as opposed to taking it to there antiques dealers (this leads in with transaction costs). The most notable change in an industry is the music industry. The music industry has seen a huge slump with the development of the internet and the introduction of music downloads which has had a severe affect on shops and the artists themselves, as a lot of downloading is done illegally, which is free. So the internet has effectively allowed us obtain (although illegally) a product which a consumer would pay i 10-i 15, for free, very easily. However music listening has increased globally due to the internet.

Fried Green Tomatoes essays

Fried Green Tomatoes essays For this paper I have chosen to review the film Fried Green Tomatoes. It is a tale of a small old town, its more popular residents, and a murder mystery told in retrospect by the main character Idggy. I was able to identify several social structures within the small town during the movies flashbacks as well as its modern day narrative setting. There were no government officials present, but a sheriff kept order amongst citizens. That same sheriff, however, partied with the same people that he enforced the law upon. It was the typical small town environment where everyone knew each other and was generally friendly towards one another. There was also a bad guy who became important when it was found out that he was abusing his wife and trying to control her and her child. There were also blacks in town that were not treated as fairly as the white people. I saw these structures affect the characters at different times throughout the movie. The black/white issue was present throughout, as we saw them being butlers, doing whites chores, as well as other labor oriented tasks. The bad guy was confronted by nice town folk when it was found out that he abused his wife. As far as t he sheriff, his role came into play when he had to arrest Idggy for the murder of the abusive man. The only time the structures were changed was when a black man, Big George, was accused of the murder. If Idggy hadnt gone on trial, George wouldve had to go on trial. He surely would have been hung, but Iddgy cared for him and took responsibility knowing that she could win and spare his life too. Norms that were portrayed are similar to the situations above. They are also similar to todays small towns in some respects, such as being friendly and knowing everyone. There are some big differences with other norms from todays society though. The race issue is th ...

The Difference Between Procedural and Substantive Law

The Difference Between Procedural and Substantive Law Procedural law and substantive law are the two primary categories of law in the dual U.S. court system. These two types of law play different but essential roles in protecting the rights of individuals in the United States criminal justice system. Key Terms Procedural law is the set of rules by which courts in the United States decide the outcomes of all criminal, civil, and administrative cases.  Substantive law describes how people are expected to behave according to accepted social norms.  Procedural laws govern how court proceedings dealing with the enforcement of substantive laws are conducted.   Two Categories of Law Substantive law - literally the â€Å"substance† of the law - governs how people are expected to behave according to accepted social norms. The Ten Commandments, for example, is a set of substantive laws. Today, substantive law defines rights and responsibilities in all court proceedings. In criminal cases, substantive law governs how guilt or innocence is to be determined, and how crimes are charged and punished. Procedural laws govern how court proceedings that deal with the enforcement of substantive laws are conducted. Since the primary object of all court proceedings is to determine the truth according to the best available evidence, procedural laws of evidence govern the admissibility of evidence and the presentation and testimony of witnesses. For example, when judges sustain or overrule objections raised by lawyers, they do so according to procedural laws. Both procedural and substantive law may be altered over time by Supreme Court rulings and constitutional interpretations. Application of Criminal Procedural Law While each state has adopted its own set of procedural laws, usually called a â€Å"Code of Criminal Procedure,† the basic procedures followed in most jurisdictions include: All arrests must be based on probable cause;Prosecutors file charges that must clearly spell out what crimes the accused person allegedly committed;The accused person is arraigned before a judge and given the opportunity to enter a plea - a statement of guilt or innocence;The judge asks the accused whether they need a court-appointed attorney or will supply their own attorney;The judge will either grant or deny the accused bail or bond and set an amount to be paid;An official notice to appear in court is delivered to the accused;If the accused and prosecutors cannot reach a plea bargain agreement, trial dates are set;If the accused person is convicted at trial, the judge advises them of their rights to appeal;In the case of guilty verdicts, the trial moves to the sentencing phase. In most states, the same laws that define criminal offenses also set the maximum sentences that can be imposed, from fines to time in jail. However, the state and federal courts follow very different procedural laws for sentencing. Sentencing In State Courts The procedural laws of some states provide for a bifurcated or two-part trial system, in which sentencing is conducted in a separate trial held after a guilty verdict has been reached. The sentencing phase trial follows the same basic procedural laws as the guilt or innocence phase, with the same jury hearing evidence and determining sentences. The judge will advise the jury of the range of severity of sentences that may be imposed under state law. Sentencing In Federal Courts In the federal courts, judges themselves impose sentences based on a more narrow set of federal sentencing guidelines. In determining an appropriate sentence’ the judge, rather than a jury, will consider a report on the defendant’s criminal history prepared by a federal probation officer, as well as evidence presented during the trial. In the federal criminal courts, judges use a point system based on the defendant’s prior convictions, if any, in applying the federal sentencing guidelines. In addition, federal judges do not have the leeway to impose sentences more or less severe than those allowed under the federal sentencing guidelines. Sources of Procedural Laws Procedural law is established by each individual jurisdiction. Both the state and federal courts have created their own sets of procedures. In addition, county and municipal courts may have specific procedures that must that must be followed. These procedures typically include how cases are filed with the court, how parties involved are notified, and how official records of court proceedings are handled. In most jurisdictions, procedural laws are found in publications such as the â€Å"Rules of Civil Procedure,† and â€Å"Rules of Court.† The procedural laws of the federal courts can be found in the â€Å"Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.† Basic Elements of Substantive Criminal Law In comparison to procedural criminal law, substantive criminal law involves the â€Å"substance† of the charges filed against accused persons. Every charge is made up of elements, or the specific acts required to amount to the commission of a crime. Substantive law requires that prosecutors prove beyond all reasonable doubt that every element of crime took place as charged in order for the accused person to be convicted of that crime. For example, to secure a conviction for a charge of felony-level driving while intoxicated, prosecutors must prove the following substantive elements of the crime: The accused person was, in fact, the person operating the motor vehicle;The vehicle was being operated on a public roadway;The accused person was legally intoxicated while operating the vehicle; andThe accused person had prior convictions for driving while intoxicated. Other substantive state laws involved in the above example include: The maximum allowed percentage of alcohol in the accused person’s blood at the time of arrest; andThe number of prior convictions for driving while intoxicated. Because both procedural and substantive laws can vary by state and sometimes by county, persons charged with crimes should consult with a certified criminal law attorney practicing in their jurisdiction. Sources of Substantive Law In the United States, substantive law comes from the state legislatures and Common Law - law based on societal customs and enforced by the courts. Historically, Common Law made up set of statutes and case law that governed England and the American colonies prior to the American Revolution. During the 20th century, substantive laws changed and grew in number quickly as Congress and the state legislatures moved to unify and modernize many principles of Common Law. For example, since its enactment in 1952, the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), governing commercial transactions has been fully or partially adopted by all U.S. states to replace the Common Law and differing state laws as the single authoritative source of substantive commercial law.

Basic Information About Maps

Basic Information About Maps We see them every day, we use them when we travel, and we refer to them often, but what is a map? Map Defined A map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or part of an area. The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features that the map aims to represent. There are many different types of maps that attempt to represent specific things. Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features, natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities. Maps are produced by cartographers. Cartography refers both the study of maps and the process of map-making. It has evolved from basic drawings of maps to the use of computers and other technologies to assist in making and mass producing maps. Is a Globe a Map? A globe is a map. Globes are some of the most accurate maps that exist. This is because the earth is a three-dimensional object that is close to spherical. A globe is an accurate representation of the spherical shape of the world. Maps lose their accuracy because they are actually projections of a part of or the entire Earth. Map Projections There are several types of map projections, as well as several methods used to achieve these projections. Each projection is most accurate at its center point and becomes more distorted the further away from the center that it gets. The projections are generally named after either the person who first used it, the method used to produce it, or a combination of the two. Some common types of map projections include: MercatorTransverse MercatorRobinsonLambert Azimuthal Equal AreaMiller CylindricalSinusoidal Equal AreaOrthographicStereographicGnomonicAlbers Equal Area Conic In-depth explanations of how the most common map projections are made can be found on this USGS website, complete with diagrams and explanations of uses and advantages to each. Mental Maps The term mental map refers to the maps that arent actually produced and just exist in our minds. These maps are what allow us to remember the routes that we take to get somewhere. They exist because people think in terms of spatial relationships and vary from person to person because they are based on ones own perception of the world. Evolution of Maps Maps have changed in many ways since maps were first used. The earliest maps that have withstood the test of time were made on clay tablets. Maps were produced on leather, stone, and wood. The most common medium for producing maps on is, of course, paper. Today, however, maps are produced on computers, using software such as GIS or Geographic Information Systems. The way maps are made has also changed. Originally, maps were produced using land surveying, triangulation, and observation. As technology advanced, maps  were made using aerial photography, and then eventually remote sensing, which is the process used today. The appearance of maps has evolved along with their accuracy. Maps have changed from basic expressions of locations  to works of art, extremely accurate, mathematically produced maps. Map of the World Maps are generally accepted as precise and accurate, which is true  but only to a point. A map of the entire world, without distortion of any kind, has yet to be produced; therefore it is vital that one questions where that distortion is on the map that they are using.

To Be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To Be Determined - Essay Example ed can come of the pure love (or lust) that these two men (the Duke and the Lover) seemed to want to shower on the two women who are the subjects (and objects) of these poems. These are apparently two women who had the men in their lives so afraid of losing their love that they killed to keep them where they wanted them, to control them or at least to control the moment, whether it was in the frame of a portrait or on the bed or couch that the two lovers last shared with one another. One of them even sat up and waited all night for God to come get him for the sin and the crime. If Porphyria’s lover was waiting for God to react to his selfish deed with punishment of some kind, (presumably with a bolt of lightning strategically placed to his left temple for the commission of the act of murder) why did he not just go ahead and kill himself, too? The main overall theme of both Robert Browning poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† (hereafter known as â€Å"Duchess†) and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† (hereafter known as â€Å"Lover†) is jealousy; as in jealousy mixed with contempt for beautiful women, all the way to the point of literal physical death. The relationship between Porphyria and her lover is positive and has a strong bond. This is why it appears that he (the Lover) could not deal with the thought of being without her. In â€Å"Duchess,† the woman that is the target of the Duke’s affection (worship nearly) has already passed on and all he has left of her is the painting on the wall, to which he, the narrator of the poem, refers at the very beginning. In â€Å"Lover,† the script is flipped. It is the object of the speaker’s discussion (the lady Porphyria) who nearly worships her man instead. He says this directly. (Browning, ll’s 32 and 33 â€Å"Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshippd me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It is with these 10 words that the narrator of the story tells us that he realizes how far she had come to tell him of her love, and he then reveals to us, the

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lab Report Example Quiz I: Psychometric Analysis The 12 item quiz described as Quiz I was associated with a mean of 6.4 and an SD of 2.657 (min = 0, max = 12). The distribution of the total scores was not very normal with skew observed to be 0.111 and kurtosis to be -0.888. The Pearson correlations between the 12 items in the quiz are reported in table 1. This shows that while the test has otherwise acceptable psychometric properties, some items may need to be revised or removed. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 12 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the ‘quiz I performance’ variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 9 or hig her were associated with the higher set. Table 2 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, and it is evident that items 11 and 12 did not achieve a D index of more than 29%. This could mean that these items are poorly constructed or that they do not contribute to the test as well as the other items (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that these items contribute poorly to the quiz and have correlation coefficient s of less than 0.20. The internal consistency analysis conducted using the Cronbach’s ? was also marginally below the requisite 0.70 level (Nunnally & Brenstien, 1994) with a statistic value of 0.683. Given this data, it was believed that the quiz needed to be revised. Thus, items 12 and 11 were sequentially removed from the quiz and the Cronbach’s ? was re-estimated. The quiz was now composed of 10 items and was associated with an acceptable ? level of 0.734. The revised scale had a mean score of 5.128 with SD = 2.56 (min = 0, max = 10).the distribution of scores for the new quiz was also slightly more normalized with skew = 0.20 and kurtosis = -0.780. Quiz II: Psychometric analysis The 11 item quiz described as Quiz II was associated with a mean of 5.48 and an SD of 2.67 (min = 0, max = 11). The distribution of the total scores was approximately normal with skew observed to be 0.043 and kurtosis to be -0.8. The Pearson correlations between the 11 items in the quiz are reported in table 3. This shows that the test has acceptable psychometric properties. An item discrimination analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of each item to the test. Specifically, D index values were estimated for each of the 11 items in the quiz based on splitting the sample into high (73rd percentile and above) and low (27th percentile and below) quiz performers in accordance with Kelly (1939). Based on a frequency table analysis of the quiz performance variable, the split corresponded to scores of 4 or lower being associated with the lower set while scores of 7 or higher were associated with the higher set. Table 4 shows discriminatory index for each of the items, all of which managed to achieve an acceptable D index (Crocker & Algnia, 1986). The item total correlations also verify that all items did contribute adequately to the quiz and

Letter of Advice to client Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Letter of Advice to client - Research Paper Example Of importance, landmark decisions will be central to the essay construction. The author will wrap up with a conclusion of the major findings. According to Stone1, consideration is mandatory in contract law to make agreements legally binding. It forms the test for enforceability of contracts. Its absence makes an agreement gratuitous and non enforceable as a contract. Estoppel is a claim in equity precluding someone from denying existence of a state of affairs if it would be unconscionable2 and the doctrine deals with pre-contractual waste by preventing adoption of positions at odds with previously relied upon positions by others3. Such denial might affect a person’s legal rights. Owen J. in The Bell Group Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation4 defined estoppel as a: â€Å"†¦ doctrine designed to protect a party from the detriment that would flow from that party’s change of position if the assumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.†1 In common law, the claimant had to prove existence of a contractual relationship in defense against a claim of non performance of contract. The requirement of consideration led to injustices which promissory estoppel sought to address. By preventing a promisor from reneging on promises without consideration, Handley AJA in Equititrust Ltd (formerly Equitiloan Ltd) v Franks4 noted that promissory estoppel dealt with equitably binding assurances restraining promisors from enforcing his legal rights. Estoppel can be traced to Denning J’s reasoning in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd5 which described estoppel ensuring justice and equity6 in holding a landlord to his undertaking to accept reduced rent. The defendant was estopped from demanding rent arrears for the period of the war due to scarcity of tenants7. Professor Atiyah8 states that consideration was classically a

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example Competition from Blackpool Beach will decrease income from both inbound international tourism and local tourism by a considerable margin (between 8-10%). iii. With the tourism in Scotland on the rise (VisitScotland 2012), our competitors will institute new facilities and recreational activities for the summer season before March 2014. Marketing Objectives Aberdeen Beach offers a serene, beautiful and relaxing environment for tourists, both local and international. Apart from coming up with a mission statement that is both marketing oriented and consumer-focused, Aberdeen City Council should create an objective to attain cumulative growth in tourism volume of at least 60% over the next three years. At least 30% of this tourism growth should result from local tourist and from new facilities that offer activities that are non-seasonal or are generally undertaken during the off-peak period. Aberdeen beach should also institute efforts to capture over 25% of the tourism market share in th e area within the next 3 years. This will make sure that it is the biggest tourist destination in the area. Better facilities and activities that take advantage of off-peak tourism will ensure that it offers valid competition to Blackpool beach. To accomplish the various marketing objectives laid down, the Aberdeen City Council should put benchmarks in place to assess progress. Frequent evaluation of these objectives will offer feedback and potential remedial actions on a timely basis. The chief marketing objective is to improve the perceptions tourists as well as the locals have about the Aberdeen Beach. Since Aberdeen beach has been slowly losing both the local and the international tourists, it must not be satisfying its current consumers. The city council should review the problems that hinder success and use it to not only keep its current tourism base but encourage new international and local tourists to the area. To improve success, benchmarks should be developed to understan d how the city council can improve the experience of tourists to the beach through knowledge of tourist’s needs and specific opportunities for instituting new recreational facilities. The benchmarks should be developed through market research as well as the City Council’s marketing information system. Another objective should be the institution of an education program that will serve to educate the local residents about the issue of climate change and the rising flood risk in the area. The City Council should collaborate with the local residents in efforts to conserve and restore the beach (Robert Gordon 2013). The City Council should also create a new office that deals with beach security and cleanliness. It should interact with local residents and set up an institution that deals with cleaning up the beach and ensuring that companies and other individuals do not use the beach as a dumping point. According to Chan, Leung, and Wong (2006) collaborative environment rest oration efforts can be utilized as a means of advertisement both for local consumers and international. It should also collaborate with local law enforcement to ensure that visitors to the beach are safe. Marketing Strategies A. Target Markets Target Market 1: The first target market is the local tourists. Posters and customized calendars showing the beauty of Aberdeen beach could help reconnect with the local population. The Beach has also received bad